This paper outlines the background and context to the insecurity in Eastern Equatoria State (EES) and Central Equatoria State (CES) in the years after 2005, focusing on why they have been so politically contested, and why they have such potential for large-scale violent conflict in addition to the low-level insecurities that have been a part of civilian life since the CPA was signed. In doing this, the paper attempts to cut through the often misleading narratives offered by the Government of Sudan (GoS) and by the SPLA and their allies. Identifies key issues that are likely to be as relevant for conflict dynamics today as they were in 2008.

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