Drawing on quantitative and qualitative data from Uganda and South Sudan, this article considers return movements of refugees to uncover underlying causes. The study found that due to a number of factors, including gradual aid reductions, lack of livelihood opportunities in Uganda and severe hardship, South Sudanese refugees travel back to their homeland in hope of being able to financially support their relatives who remain in Uganda. The article argues that this phenomenon of returns…
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CSRF Research Repository
The CSRF Research Repository aims to support greater contextual knowledge for policy makers, programme managers, and implementers by providing a searchable repository of research, analysis, and resources, and providing periodic updates on new research and analysis.
This article explores the land policy framework and its implication on service delivery. Focusing on land tenure systems, land ownership and governance, the article finds ambiguity on the role of different levels of governance, including on conflict mitigation and resolution, and the related challenges. The article provides suggestions on how different stakeholders can discuss issues around land ownership and its formulation and implementation. Read more here
This report examines the policies for protection against sexual exploitation and abuse (PSEA) in South Sudan. Focusing on the effectiveness, relevance, coherence, efficiency, impact, and sustainability of the existing PSEA mechanisms and programmes, the report finds that several practices violate international protocols on prohibiting human trafficking, child marriage and sexual exploitation and abuse. The report provides insights on how country teams can explore ways of preventing potential violations, through advocacy and awareness raising campaigns to…
Focusing on the delayed national elections, this report explores ways in which South Sudan could organise and hold peaceful elections in 2026. The report identifies potential for conflict around the elections, rooted in the current challenges and constraints facing the country. The report shares some strategies that can be leveraged to promote more peaceful elections. Read more here
This report explores issues around housing, land and property in South Sudan, identifying their short-term and long-term impact. The report provides some recommendations for national and international humanitarian actors, South Sudanese authorities and donors on how to address the HLP issues through integrating HLP rights, establishing land dispute mechanisms and investing in the security of land tenure. Read more here
This article discusses the different trajectories of a once-united Zande people and their respective positions in the nation-states of South Sudan and the Central African Republic (CAR). The report argues that unlike Azande in CAR, Azande in South Sudan have emerged as a formidable and united force, partly due to the independence of South Sudan and the violence inflicted on them by Uganda’s Lord Resistance Army, resulting in the reinstatement of their fallen kingdom. The…
This report assesses the extent to which customary justice can address massive human rights violations in South Sudan. The report suggested that customary justice can play a role in addressing serious violations and identifies some challenges with customary law applications. These include the power imbalance between various actors, the level of complexity of the violence, and a lack of clarity on customary justice’s proper role. To address these challenges, the report recommends that the current…
Focusing on the Wildlife Service’s management of wildlife, this article explores the intersection between conservation and conflict in South Sudan. The article found that the durability of South Sudan’s WLS amid years of chronic warfare is due to its militarized conservation approach, which stems from a legacy of colonial institutional antecedents, rebel governance and regime politics. The article provides insights on how the militarized approach to conservation has defined the pattern of wildlife politics, including…
Using the case studies of four countries, including South Sudan, this report assesses the role of laws and their enforcement on SGBV (Sexual and gender-based violence) crimes. The report finds that significant legal, procedural, and societal barriers continue to undermine justice for sexual violence survivors, resulting in the erosion of trust in judicial systems and compounding victims’ distress and fueling widespread sexual violence. The report shares some recommendations on how to effectively overcome the obstacles…
This article explores assumptions that humanitarian actors carry in their response to violent conflict. As such, it identifies challenges that humanitarians encounter that undermine an effective reduction of violence, and the assumptions that undermine civilian protection. This reflection is accompanied by implications and recommendations for practice and policy for humanitarian actors to address the threat of violence. Read more here
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