During celebrations commemorating the second anniversary of the signing of the Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA), Government of South Sudan
(GoSS) President and Vice-President of the Republic Salva Kiir made clear that the agreement was facing a crisis and there was a growing risk of a return
to war. In particular, he blamed Khartoum’s continuing support for Other Armed Groups (OAGs). In light of that assessment, this paper reviews recent
developments in the South Sudan security sector which suggest the possibility of a return to conflict between the North and South. The central thesis is that
with security and political conditions in the South improving, attention will increasingly turn to North–South tensions, in particular along their shared border.