This paper provides an overview of land governance as it relates to problems of conflict and displacement in South Sudan. The goal is to help aid actors better understand the context in which they are operating and how they might limit the potential for unintended consequences from their interventions and maximise the contribution that they make to social cohesion and conflict transformation. The study focused on three subnational locations – Bor, Wau and Yambio – that have been the sites of aid interventions in the land sector both historically and in the current context. In all, researchers conducted 74 semi-structured interviews conducted with 118 research participants (76 male and 43 female) between August and September 2021.